破乳菌B_3菌株分批发酵动力学分析

以从采油废水中筛选到的一株高效生物破乳菌株B3为试验菌株,为认识其发酵机理并指导发酵工艺设计,利用分批发酵的方法研究破乳菌株B3菌体生长和葡萄糖消耗情况.根据分批发酵实验结果,采用Logistic方程和Lu-edeking-Piret方程,建立破乳菌株B3的菌体生长和葡萄糖消耗动力学模型,利用拟线性法求得破乳菌分批发酵的动力学模型参数.模型计算值与实验值能够较好地拟合,相对误差分别小于9%和6%,表明所建立的动力学模型能够反映B3破乳菌株发酵过程的动力学特征.     

轮船船体阴极保护控制系统的设计

轮船长期在海洋中航行,船体更容易受到微生物附着的损害。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种基于ARM的轮船船体外加电流阴极保护系统,当传感器监测到附着微生物达到一定数量时,系统就会将船体作为一个电极通以电流,此电流方向与腐蚀电流方向相反。并且,阴极提供自由氢的速度超过腐蚀菌去极化作用中利用氢的速度,同时阴极周围的pH升高至抑制硫酸盐还原菌生长繁殖的程度,最终达到保护船体的目的。     

Cooperative effect of chalcopyrite and bornite interactions during bioleaching by mixed moderately thermophilic culture

The cooperative interactions between chalcopyrite and bornite during bioleaching by mixed moderately thermophilic culture were investigated mainly by bioleaching experiments and electrochemical experiments. Bioleaching results showed that a cooperative effect existed between chalcopyrite and bornite. When the mass ratio of chalcopyrite to bornite was 3:1, an extremely high copper extraction of more than 88% was achieved after bioleaching for 27 days. One of the major reasons for the cooperative effect was that a certain redox potential range (370–450 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) could be maintained for a long period of time during bioleaching due to the mixture of chalcopyrite and bornite. Electrochemical measurements revealed that chalcopyrite was much easier to be reduced than oxidized, while bornite was prone to be directly oxidized. Hence, galvanic effect between chalcopyrite and bornite enhanced the reduction of chalcopyrite to secondary copper-iron species and promoted the oxidative dissolution of bornite. Therefore, redox potential controlling and galvanic effect both contributed to the cooperative bioleaching of chalcopyrite and bornite.     

铬污染的微生物吸附技术研究进展

近年来,铬在工业生产中得到了广泛的应用,随之而来的含铬污染物对周围环境造成严重的污染和破坏,铬污染的修复已成为亟待解决的环境问题。微生物在铬污染的生物修复中发挥着重要的作用。它因铬污染修复过程中环保有效,安全可靠且无二次污染等优点,引起了相关学者们的广泛关注。首先简述了铬污染危害及传统处理技术,重点综述了微生物作为生物吸附剂的吸附机理及影响因素,并分别详述了典型细菌,真菌,酵母和藻类吸附Cr(VI)污染物的机理机制及相关研究进展,然后总结了微生物吸附Cr(VI)过程中铬浓度,赋存状态,微生物营养类型,培养条件及代谢产物等的主要影响因素,最后,分析了以微生物作为生物吸附剂所存在的问题并展望了未来的研究方向,结合基因工程和酶工程选育高效工程菌、开展多种技术联合应用等方法提高微生物对铬污染的去除能力。     

混沌振子识别轴承早期故障的极半径不变矩判据

现有的基于混沌振子检测轴承故障的方法的关键步骤是混沌振子相态转变判别,目前大多采用李雅普诺夫指数等特征值进行判断,针对其计算过程复杂,耗费时间长的缺点,基于图像识别技术,提出了一种以极半径不变矩参数作为相态转变的识别方法。通过构造Duffing混沌振子,分析了其相态转变与周期策动力的变化关系,证明其用于轴承早期故障识别的可行性;给出了极半径不变矩的定义,并证明在混沌振子相图由混沌运动态向大尺度周期态转变的过程中,随着周期摄动力不断增加,极半径不变矩表现出单调递增的特性;与HU氏不变矩及二维近似熵判别方法进行对比,讨论了极半径不变矩的抗噪声干扰能力;最终,将该方法用于实际搭建的钻机动力头轴承早期故障诊断的试验中。试验结果表明:极半径不变矩可以识别混沌振子相态过程转变,最低检测信噪比达到-36.99dB,且识别准确率也较另外两种方法提高了4%~7%。证明该方法可以用于轴承早期故障识别,具有识别准确率高,抗噪声干扰能力强,计算简便的优点。     

食品中病原微生物快速检测技术的研究进展

食品安全直接关系着人类的健康发展,食源性致病菌是影响食品安全的主要因素之一,食品中病原微生物的传统检测技术操作繁琐、周期长,因而发展快捷、可靠、特异的食品病原微生物分析检测技术对食品安全和全人类的健康发展有着非常重要的意义。本文对当前主流的几种快速检测技术进行了总结分析,并对发展新的食品中病原微生物快速检测技术进行了展望。     

提高微生物抗逆性技术的研究进展

微生物体内存在多种抗逆基因或机制,这些机制的发现为定向提高微生物的抗逆性奠定了基础。提高微生物抗逆性的技术主要有过表达抗逆基因,长期适应性进化, genome shuffling（基因组改组）和异源表达抗逆基因等。利用这几种技术增强微生物的抗逆性,在以微生物为主的工业生产和环境污染物降解方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

Impact of Canolol‐Enriched Extract from Heat‐Treated Canola Meal to Enhance Oil Quality Parameters in Deep‐Frying: a Comparison with Rosemary Extract and TBHQ‐Fortified Oil Systems

Canolol‐enriched extracts obtained from the extraction of fluidized bed treated canola meal with supercritical carbon dioxide were added to high‐oleic canola oil in different concentrations (200, 500 and 750 mg/kg). After 30 h of deep‐fat frying, oils fortified with canolol‐enriched extracts showed a two to three times better frying performance in comparison to the commonly used antioxidants (TBHQ, 200 mg/kg; rosemary extract, 40 and 200 mg/kg) and a control without antioxidants with regards to the formation of di‐ and polymer triacylglycerols, total polar compounds, secondary degradation products (anisidine value) and the iodine value. The canolol‐enriched extracts were also able to slow down the degradation of α‐ and γ‐tocopherol during frying resulting in significant amounts of tocopherols after 30 h of frying in comparison to the other oils. The influence of the canolol‐enriched extracts indicated strongly concentration‐dependent performance. With increasing concentration of the extract, the thermal stability of the fortified oil was improved. The only disadvantage of the addition of the extracts was an increase in the initial acid value, but within the frying time, only oil fortified with 750 mg canolol‐enriched extract/kg reached the limit given in different countries.     

Synthesis of polar vinyl monomer–olefin copolymers by α‐diimine nickel catalyst

Vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile and methyl vinyl ketone were investigated for co‐ and terpolymerization with ethylene and ethylene–propylene. Precursor [bis(N,N ′‐dimesitylimino)acenaphthene]dibromonickel, activated by methylaluminoxane was used as a catalyst system and trialkylaluminium was employed to block the polar groups for these polymerizations. Polymerization activities of the order of magnitude of 10⁶ in the case of vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate, and 10⁵ in the case of acrylonitrile were achieved. Microanalysis and GPC of acrylonitrile copolymers found about 17 units of acrylonitrile per polymer chain. Copolymers with very different properties from the parent homopolymers were obtained in all cases except that of methyl vinyl ketone. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry